Gabion

Gabion is box made of double twisted hexagonal mesh. They are filled with rocks when used to form flexible and permeable structures which are widely used in retaining walls, erosion control, stabilization of riverbanks and dams

The gabions are divided into cells by mesh panels with 1 meter space and all the edges of the gabion are reinforced with greater size steel wires.

The growth of vegetation cover along with the gabions filled with rock, made by a double twisted hexagonal mesh of steel wire just exactly incamate the achievements of Biotechnology.

Specification

Mesh size 8x10 cm.			Mesh size 10x12 cm.
Wire size			Wire size
Side wire	Mesh wire	Lacing wire	Side wire		Mesh wire	Lacing wire
3.4-4.0 mm.	2.7-3.0 mm.	2.2 mm.	3.4-4.0 mm.		2.7-3.0 mm.	2.2 mm.
Box size
Width		Length		Height
1.00 - 2.00 m.		1.00 - 6.00 m.		0.50 - 1.00 m.
Standard  wire Tensile Strength 38-55 kg./m2 Galvanized 240-290 g/m2

Gabion Mattress

The Gabion Mattress also called Reno mattress is a structure made of hexagonal double twisted wire mesh. Reno mattresses are filled with stones at the project site to form flexible and permeable, monolithic structures such as river bank protection and channel linings for erosion controlling. The steel wire used to manufacture the mattress is heavily zinc-coated soft steel. In order to reinforce the structure, all mesh panel edges are knitted with a wire of greater diameter. Reno mattresses are divided into uniformly cells by internal diaphragms.

Specification of Mattress

Mesh size 6x8 cm.
Wire size
Side wire	Side wire	Lacing wire
2.7-3.2 mm.	2.2 mm.	2.2 mm.
Box size
Width	Length	Height
1.00-2.00 m.	1.00-6.00 m.	0.16-0.30 m.
Standard wire         Tensile strength 38-55 kg/m².         Galvanized coat 240-290 g/m².

Applications

• Flood bank or guiding bank
  
• Bridge protection
  
• Coast protection
  
• Strengthening structure of soil
  
• Control and guide of water or flood
  
• Preventing of rock breaking
  
• Water and soil protection
  
• Seaport engineering
  
• Protection of road

Assembly

The folded units shall be taken out from the bundle and placed on a hard flat surface. Gabions shall be opened, unfolded and pressed out to their original shape. Front back, and end panels shall be lifted to a vertical position to form an open box and lid (Figure1).
Panels shall be fastened together with the projecting heavier gauge selvedge wire around the selvedge or edge wire of the intersecting panel or back panel (Figure2). Inner diaphragm panels shall be lifted into a vertical position and secured in the same manner to the front and back of the gabion (Figure3).

Installation and filling

After the foundations has been prepared, the pre-assembled gabions shall be placed in position empty, and tied or fastened to adjacent units along all edges in order to form a continuously connected, monolithic structural unit. Rocks for the gabion may be produced by any suitable quarrying method, and by the use of any device that yields the required sizes within the gradation limits chosen.

Rocks shall be hard, angular to round, durable and of such quality that they shall not disintegrate on exposure to water or weathering during the life of the structures. Rocks shall range between 100 Mm and 200 Mm. The fill layer shall never be more than 300 Mm higher than any adjoining cell (Figure3). Care shall be taken when placing the stone to ensure that the PVC coating of the wire is not damaged. After a layer of rock has been placed in the cell, sufficient hand manipulation of the rock shall be performed to minimize voids and achieve a maximum density of the rock in the gabion. The rock on Exposed vertical faces shall be hand placed to reduce voids in the outer face. Stiffeners or internal cross ties shall be installed connecting the front and back faces of any supported or exposed face at the vertical third points for a 1 m high gabion units installed at the wall ends, having two exposed sides, shall also include a set of cross ties installed perpendicularly to the lateral exposed face. For 0.5 m high baskets when used as re vestment, stiffeners or internal cross ties are not required. When more than one vertical layer of gabions of is installed, units shall be overfilled to approximately 25 to 40mm to allow for natural settlement. The top surface shall be smoothly leveled, minimizing voids. Ensure that diaphragm tops are easily accessible for connecting.

Closing

After the rock has been leveled and the voids minimized, fold the lid down and pull edges of the panels together. It should require a light stretching an appropriate closing tool for lid closer in order to bring the two gabion pieces together. Care shall be taken that the mesh is not de formed or the coating on the wire damaged. The projecting selvedge wire of the lid shall be wrapped two complete turns around the selvedge wire or edge wire on the sides. The lid shall be tightly tied along all edges, ends and tops of diaphragms. Adjacent lids may be tied or attached simultaneously. All projecting sharp ends of wire shall be turned in on the completed gabion structure.